The main symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding — especially bleeding after menopause or bleeding between periods. Other warning signs may include pelvic pain, watery or blood-tinged discharge, and unexplained weight loss.
Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, starting periods early, late menopause, never having been pregnant, and conditions causing high estrogen levels. A family history of certain cancers can also increase risk.
Diagnosis is usually made by an endometrial biopsy or sampling of the uterine lining. Ultrasound scans and other tests may be used for further evaluation.
Treatment often involves surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy), sometimes along with the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Depending on the stage, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy may be advised.
Early detection offers the best chance for cure. Women should not ignore abnormal bleeding and should have it checked promptly. Maintaining a healthy weight, controlling diabetes, and regular medical check-ups can help reduce risk and improve outcomes.
